{"id":2738,"date":"2021-06-22T03:46:22","date_gmt":"2021-06-22T03:46:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pj4iaixa9m.wpdns.site\/?p=2738"},"modified":"2021-06-25T09:32:12","modified_gmt":"2021-06-25T09:32:12","slug":"13-quick-tips-for-design-and-structure-of-the-punch-drawing-die","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/cs\/13-quick-tips-for-design-and-structure-of-the-punch-drawing-die\/","title":{"rendered":"13 rychl\u00fdch tip\u016f pro n\u00e1vrh a strukturu raznice"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/span>P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed: <\/span>15<\/span> minut<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1vrh pracovn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti ta\u017enice<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Konstrukce konvexn\u00ed a \u017eensk\u00e9 struktury formy<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Struktura v\u00fdkresu r\u00e1na p\u011bst\u00ed<\/a> a matrice z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tvaru a velikosti obrobku, metod\u011b ta\u017een\u00ed, po\u010dtu proces\u016f ta\u017een\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch po\u017eadavc\u00edch na proces. R\u016fzn\u00e9 tvary struktury maj\u00ed vliv na deformaci ta\u017een\u00edm, stupe\u0148 deformace a kvalitu v\u00fdrobku. R\u016fzn\u00e9 vlivy. Struktura b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch konvexn\u00edch a konk\u00e1vn\u00edch forem je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"1-
1- Klikov\u00fd h\u0159\u00eddel; 2- Cam; 3- Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jezdec; 4- Vnit\u0159n\u00ed posuvn\u00edk; 5- D\u011brova\u010d; 6-Pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd krou\u017eek; 7- \u017densk\u00e1 pl\u00edse\u0148<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Strukturn\u00ed forma ta\u017enice bez lisovac\u00edho materi\u00e1lu<\/strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zek 1-2 ukazuje konvexn\u00ed a konk\u00e1vn\u00ed strukturu matrice pou\u017e\u00edvanou p\u0159i jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9m hlubok\u00e9m ta\u017een\u00ed bez dr\u017e\u00e1ku polotovaru. Forma obloukov\u00e9ho tvaru zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00e1 na obr\u00e1zku 1-2(a) m\u00e1 jednoduchou konstrukci a pohodln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. Struktura hlubokota\u017en\u00e9 konk\u00e1vn\u00ed matrice. Zu\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed se z\u00e1pustka a evolventn\u00ed z\u00e1pustka zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00e9 na obr\u00e1zku 1-2 (b) a obr\u00e1zku (c) jsou v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 v tom, \u017ee odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed nestabilit\u011b a zvr\u00e1sn\u011bn\u00ed, ale zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je komplikovan\u00e9 a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se hlavn\u011b pro ta\u017een\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed s mal\u00fdm koeficientem ta\u017een\u00ed. Obr\u00e1zek 1-2(d) ukazuje izometrickou strukturu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Obr\u00e1zek
Obr\u00e1zek 1-2 Struktura konk\u00e1vn\u00ed matrice ta\u017enice bez lisovac\u00edho materi\u00e1lu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Strukturn\u00ed forma ta\u017enice s lisovac\u00edm materi\u00e1lem<\/strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zek 1-3 ukazuje strukturu vnit\u0159n\u00ed a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formy s dr\u017e\u00e1ky polotovaru. Sam\u010d\u00ed a sami\u010d\u00ed formy zobrazen\u00e9 na obr\u00e1zku 1-3 (a) maj\u00ed zaoblen\u00e9 rohy a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se pro ta\u017een\u00ed o pr\u016fm\u011bru d\u2264100 mm. Kousky. Konvexn\u00ed a konk\u00e1vn\u00ed formy zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00e9 na obr\u00e1zku 1-3(b) maj\u00ed zkosenou \u00fahlovou strukturu a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se k ta\u017een\u00ed hlubokota\u017een\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f o pr\u016fm\u011bru d\u2265100 mm. Pou\u017eit\u00ed takov\u00e9ho r\u00e1na p\u011bst\u00ed<\/a> a matrice s \u00fahlem ku\u017eele nejen zlep\u0161uje tok kovu, sni\u017euje odolnost proti deformaci, materi\u00e1l nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9 zten\u010dit a dal\u0161\u00ed obecn\u00e9 vlastnosti ku\u017eelov\u00e9 matrice, ale tak\u00e9 mohou sn\u00ed\u017eit stupe\u0148 opakovan\u00e9 ohybov\u00e9 deformace polotovaru a zlep\u0161it strana d\u00edlu Kvalita st\u011bny usnad\u0148uje nalezen\u00ed polotovaru v dal\u0161\u00edm procesu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Obr\u00e1zek
Obr\u00e1zek 1-3 Struktura pracovn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti ta\u017enice s p\u0159\u00ed\u0159ezem<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Bez ohledu na pou\u017eitou strukturu je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat pozornost koordinaci tvaru a velikosti d\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/a>matrice ve dvou p\u0159edchoz\u00edch procesech, tak\u017ee tvar polotovaru z\u00edskan\u00e9ho v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm procesu je vhodn\u00fd pro tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho procesu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad tvar a velikost dr\u017e\u00e1ku polotovaru by m\u011bly b\u00fdt stejn\u00e9 jako odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st lisovn\u00edku v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm procesu a \u00fahel zkosen\u00ed \u03b1 razn\u00edku pro hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed by tak\u00e9 m\u011bl b\u00fdt v souladu s \u00fahlem zkosen\u00ed lisovn\u00edku v p\u0159edchoz\u00ed proces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aby byl spodn\u00ed d\u00edl d\u00edlu po posledn\u00edm v\u00fdkresu ploch\u00fd, pokud je a r\u00e1na p\u011bst\u00ed<\/a> se zaoblenou strukturou by m\u011bl b\u00fdt st\u0159ed polom\u011bru rohu posledn\u00edho razn\u00edku um\u00edst\u011bn na stejn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1\u0159e jako st\u0159ed polom\u011bru rohu druh\u00e9ho p\u0159edposledn\u00edho razn\u00edku. St\u0159edov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra. Pokud se jedn\u00e1 o \u0161ikmou matricovou strukturu, \u0161ikm\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra ve spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti razn\u00edku p\u0159edposledn\u00edho procesu by m\u011bla b\u00fdt te\u010dnou k polom\u011bru zaoblen\u00ed posledn\u00edho razidla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bez ohledu na to, zda ta\u017enice pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 lisovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, aby se usnadnilo vyj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed obrobku, d\u011brova\u010d<\/a> by m\u011bly b\u00fdt vrt\u00e1ny vzduchov\u00fdmi otvory, jejich\u017e rozm\u011bry jsou uvedeny v tabulce n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u016fm\u011br razn\u00edku<\/td>\uff1e50<\/td>\uff1e50~100<\/td>\uff1e100~200<\/td>\uff1e200<\/td><\/tr>
V\u00fdstupn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br<\/td>5<\/td>6.5<\/td>8<\/td>9.5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Tabulka 1-1 Velikost v\u011btrac\u00edho otvoru (jednotka: mm)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mezera v\u00fdkresov\u00e9 matrice<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Mezera protahovac\u00ed matrice se t\u00fdk\u00e1 oboustrann\u00e9 mezery mezi konvexn\u00edmi a konk\u00e1vn\u00edmi matricemi. Velikost mezery m\u00e1 velk\u00fd vliv na ta\u017enou s\u00edlu, kvalitu ta\u017een\u00e9ho d\u00edlu a \u017eivotnost matrice. Kdy\u017e je v\u016fle mal\u00e1, m\u00e1 hlubokota\u017en\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st malou pru\u017einu, bo\u010dn\u00ed st\u011bna je rovn\u00e1 a hladk\u00e1, kvalita je lep\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159esnost je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud je hodnota mezery p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e1, ta\u017en\u00e1 s\u00edla se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 zten\u010den\u00ed obrobku nebo dokonce prasknut\u00ed, siln\u00e9 t\u0159en\u00ed a opot\u0159eben\u00ed mezi povrchy formy a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u017eivotnosti formy. Kdy\u017e je mezera p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e1, ta\u017en\u00e1 s\u00edla se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed a \u017eivotnost matrice se prodlou\u017e\u00ed, ale polotovar je n\u00e1chyln\u00fd k poma\u010dk\u00e1n\u00ed, z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed ta\u017een\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti je velk\u00e9 a p\u0159esnost je n\u00edzk\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proto by m\u011bla b\u00fdt hodnota mezery ta\u017en\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 a p\u0159i ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed by se m\u011bl vz\u00edt v \u00favahu stav dr\u017e\u00e1ku polotovaru, po\u010det ta\u017een\u00ed a p\u0159esnost obrobku. Principem je vz\u00edt v \u00favahu nejen toleranci samotn\u00e9ho plo\u0161n\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, ale tak\u00e9 jev ztlu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plo\u0161n\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. Hodnota mezery je obecn\u011b o n\u011bco v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tlou\u0161\u0165ka polotovaru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed bez lisovac\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Pro ta\u017een\u00ed matric bez lisov\u00e1n\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed lze mezeru mezi konvexn\u00edmi a konk\u00e1vn\u00edmi matricemi vypo\u010d\u00edtat podle n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho vzorce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\/2 = (1~1,1)tmax<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve vzorci Z\/2 \u2014 Kreslen\u00ed konvexn\u00ed a konk\u00e1vn\u00ed matrice jednostrann\u00e1 v\u016fle;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

tmax<\/sub>\u2014-Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed limitn\u00ed velikost tlou\u0161\u0165ky plechu;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1~1.1\u2014-Pro prvn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed ta\u017een\u00ed nebo d\u00edly hlubok\u00e9ho ta\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed vysokou rozm\u011brovou p\u0159esnost, vezm\u011bte v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hodnotu; pro posledn\u00ed v\u00fdkres nebo sou\u010d\u00e1sti v\u00fdkresu, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed vysokou rozm\u011brovou p\u0159esnost, pou\u017eijte vzorec \u010c\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed hodnota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed lisovac\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm<\/strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Pro ta\u017enici s lisovac\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm je mezera mezi konvexn\u00ed a konk\u00e1vn\u00ed matric\u00ed uvedena v tabulce 1-2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
Celkov\u00e1 doba kreslen\u00ed<\/td>Proces kreslen\u00ed<\/td>Jednostrann\u00e1 v\u016fle Z\/2<\/td>Celkov\u00e1 doba kreslen\u00ed<\/td>Proces kreslen\u00ed<\/td>Jednostrann\u00e1 v\u016fle Z\/2<\/td><\/tr>
 1<\/td>1 hlubok\u00fd v\u00fdkres<\/td>(1~1,1)t<\/td>4<\/td>1. a 2. v\u00fdkres<\/td>1,2 t<\/td><\/tr>
 <\/td>1. kresba<\/td>1,1 t<\/td> <\/td>3. hlubok\u00e1 kresba<\/td>1,1 t<\/td><\/tr>
 <\/td>2. kresba<\/td>(1~1,05)t<\/td> <\/td>4. hlubok\u00e1 kresba<\/td>(1~1,05)t<\/td><\/tr>
2<\/td>1. kresba<\/td>1,2 t<\/td>5<\/td>1., 2., 3. kresba<\/td>1,2 t<\/td><\/tr>
3<\/td>2. kresba<\/td>1,1 t<\/td> <\/td>4. hlubok\u00e1 kresba<\/td>1,1 t<\/td><\/tr>
 <\/td>3. hlubok\u00e1 kresba<\/td>(1~1,05)t<\/td> <\/td>5. hlubok\u00e1 kresba<\/td>(1~1,05)t<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Tabulka 1-2 Hodnota jednostrann\u00e9 mezery p\u0159i hlubok\u00e9m ta\u017een\u00ed lisovac\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm (jednotka: mm)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pozn\u00e1mka:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. t je tlou\u0161\u0165ka materi\u00e1lu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se bere st\u0159edn\u00ed hodnota dovolen\u00e9 odchylky materi\u00e1lu, mm;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. P\u0159i kreslen\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fdch obrobk\u016f vezm\u011bte Z\/2=t pro posledn\u00ed ta\u017enou mezeru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro d\u00edly s vysok\u00fdmi po\u017eadavky na p\u0159esnost, aby bylo dosa\u017eeno mal\u00e9ho odpru\u017een\u00ed po ta\u017een\u00ed a hladk\u00e9ho povrchu, se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ta\u017enice s negativn\u00ed v\u016fl\u00ed. Jeho jednostrann\u00e1 hodnota clearance je<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\/2=(0,9-0,095)t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed mezery se ta\u017en\u00e1 s\u00edla zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed o 20% ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s norm\u00e1ln\u00ed situac\u00ed a odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed koeficient ta\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozm\u011bry a tolerance pracovn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed konvexn\u00edch a konk\u00e1vn\u00edch forem<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Rozm\u011brov\u00e1 p\u0159esnost d\u00edl\u016f je ur\u010dena rozm\u011bry a tolerancemi konvexn\u00edch a konk\u00e1vn\u00edch forem v posledn\u00edm hlubok\u00e9m ta\u017een\u00ed a rozm\u011bry a tolerance konk\u00e1vn\u00edch a konvexn\u00edch forem v posledn\u00edm hlubok\u00e9m ta\u017een\u00ed by m\u011bly b\u00fdt ur\u010deny podle po\u017eadavk\u016f d\u00edly. Obecn\u011b, krom\u011b rozm\u011brov\u00e9 tolerance posledn\u00edho protahovac\u00edho n\u00e1stroje, rozm\u011brov\u00e9 tolerance lisovnice a rozm\u011brov\u00e9 tolerance polotovaru prvn\u00edho a st\u0159edn\u00edho \u010dasu nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b omezeny. V tomto okam\u017eiku by se velikost matrice m\u011bla rovnat velikosti p\u0159echodu polotovaru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polom\u011br zaoblen\u00ed z\u00e1pustky<\/strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Polom\u011br zaoblen\u00ed z\u00e1pustky m\u00e1 velk\u00fd vliv na ta\u017enou pr\u00e1ci, ovliv\u0148uje kvalitu ta\u017een\u00e9ho d\u00edlu, velikost ta\u017en\u00e9 s\u00edly a \u017eivotnost ta\u017enice. Proto je nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 rozumn\u011b zvolit polom\u011br zaoblen\u00ed matrice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polom\u011br zaoblen\u00ed prvn\u00edho hlubokota\u017en\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje lze tak\u00e9 zvolit s odkazem na hodnoty v tabulce 1-3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polom\u011br zaoblen\u00ed matrice pro ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdkres by m\u011bl b\u00fdt postupn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e polom\u011br prvn\u00edho v\u00fdkresu, co\u017e lze ur\u010dit podle n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho vzorce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

rd<\/sub>n<\/sub>= (0,6~0,8) rdn-<\/sub>1<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Metoda kreslen\u00ed <\/td>Relativn\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ka polotovaru (t\/D) X100<\/td>Relativn\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ka polotovaru (t\/D) X100<\/td>Relativn\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ka polotovaru (t\/D) X100<\/td><\/tr>
 <\/td>\u22642,0~1,0<\/td>\uff1c1,0~0,3<\/td>\uff1c0,3~0,1<\/td><\/tr>
Bezp\u0159\u00edrubovou metodou<\/td>(4~6)t<\/td>(6~8)t<\/td>(8~12)t<\/td><\/tr>
V p\u0159\u00edrubov\u00e9 metod\u011b<\/td>(6~12)t<\/td>(10~15)t<\/td>(15~20)t<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Tabulka 1-3 Polom\u011br zaoblen\u00ed rd1<\/sub> prvn\u00ed hlubokota\u017en\u00e9 matrice<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Polom\u011br zaoblen\u00ed d\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Velikost polom\u011bru zaoblen\u00ed razn\u00edku m\u00e1 men\u0161\u00ed vliv na v\u00fdkres ne\u017e polom\u011br zaoblen\u00ed matrice, ale jej\u00ed hodnota mus\u00ed b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1. Pokud rp<\/sub> je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00fd, bude \u201enebezpe\u010dn\u00fd \u00fasek\u201c vystaven vysok\u00e9 ta\u017en\u00e9 s\u00edle a obrobek bude m\u00edt tendenci se lok\u00e1ln\u011b zten\u010dovat. Pokud rp<\/sub> je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd, kontaktn\u00ed plocha mezi razn\u00edkem a polotovarem bude mal\u00e1 a dno bude ten\u010d\u00ed a snadno se objev\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed vr\u00e1sky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polom\u011br zaoblen\u00ed razn\u00edku pro prvn\u00ed hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed je ur\u010deno n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm vzorcem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 rp1<\/sub>=(0,7~1,0)rd1<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S v\u00fdjimkou posledn\u00ed doby je polom\u011br zaoblen\u00e9ho rohu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho razn\u00edku uprost\u0159ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 rpn-1<\/sub>= (dn-1<\/sub>-dn<\/sub>-2t)\/2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve vzorci dn-1<\/sub>, dn<\/sub> \u2014- Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br ka\u017ed\u00e9ho procesu, mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V posledn\u00edm hlubok\u00e9m ta\u017een\u00ed by m\u011bl b\u00fdt polom\u011br zaoblen\u00ed razn\u00edku roven polom\u011bru zaoblen\u00ed obrobku. Pro materi\u00e1ly s tlou\u0161\u0165kou men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 6 mm v\u0161ak tato hodnota nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e (2~3)t; u materi\u00e1l\u016f o tlou\u0161\u0165ce v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 6 mm nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt hodnota men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e (1,5~2)t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozm\u011bry a tolerance pracovn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed konvexn\u00edch a konk\u00e1vn\u00edch forem<\/strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Po\u017eadavky na tvar a vnit\u0159n\u00ed tvar sou\u010d\u00e1sti zahrnuj\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1klad ta\u017enice, tak\u017ee by m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b analyzov\u00e1na, jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku 1-4.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"Obr\u00e1zek
Obr\u00e1zek 1-4 Velikost v\u00fdkresov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti a velikost matrice<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
  • Jsou-li po\u017eadov\u00e1ny vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozm\u011bry a tolerance sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku 1-4 (a), na z\u00e1klad\u011b matrice, podle z\u00e1kona o opot\u0159eben\u00ed, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozm\u011bry matrice jsou:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    D konk\u00e1vn\u00ed<\/sub> = (D-0,75A) 0+5<\/sup> konk\u00e1vn\u00ed<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozm\u011bry d\u011brova\u010dky jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    D konvexn\u00ed<\/sub> = (D-0,75A-Z) 0-\u03b4<\/sub> konvexn\u00ed<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    D konvexn\u00ed<\/sub> = (d+0,4A) 0-\u03b4 konvexn\u00ed<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • Pokud jsou po\u017eadov\u00e1ny vnit\u0159n\u00ed rozm\u011bry a tolerance d\u00edl\u016f, jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku 1-4 (b), na z\u00e1klad\u011b razn\u00edku, podle z\u00e1kona o opot\u0159eben\u00ed, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozm\u011bry matrice jsou<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      D konk\u00e1vn\u00ed<\/sub>=(d+0,4A+Z) 0+5<\/sup> konk\u00e1vn\u00ed<\/sub><\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Kde D \u2013 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed mezn\u00ed velikost vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pr\u016fm\u011bru sou\u010d\u00e1sti, mm;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      d\u2014-Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mezn\u00ed velikost vnit\u0159n\u00edho pr\u016fm\u011bru sou\u010d\u00e1sti, mm;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0394\u2014-Tolerance d\u00edl\u016f;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Z \u2013 oboustrann\u00e1 mezera ta\u017enice, mm;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      5 konvexn\u00ed<\/sub>, 5 konk\u00e1vn\u00ed<\/sub>\u2014-v\u00fdrobn\u00ed tolerance konvexn\u00edch a konk\u00e1vn\u00edch forem se vol\u00ed podle tolerance obrobku. Kdy\u017e je tolerance obrobku nad IT13, \u03b4 konvexn\u00ed<\/sub> a 5 konk\u00e1vn\u00ed <\/sub>lze br\u00e1t podle IT6~8; kdy\u017e je tolerance obrobku pod IT14, \u03b4 konvexn\u00ed<\/sub> a 5 konk\u00e1vn\u00ed<\/sub> lze br\u00e1t podle IT10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Typick\u00e1 struktura ta\u017enice<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Struktura ta\u017enice je jedn\u00edm z nejz\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch prvk\u016f p\u0159i konstrukci ta\u017enice. Ta\u017enice lze rozd\u011blit na prvn\u00ed ta\u017enice a n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ta\u017en\u00e9 raznice podle po\u0159ad\u00ed procesu; podle pou\u017eit\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je lze d\u00e1le d\u011blit na pr\u016fvlaky pro jedno\u010dinn\u00e9 lisy, pr\u016fvlaky pro dvoj\u010dinn\u00e9 lisy a t\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e9 lisy Pr\u016fvlaky pro lisy; podle kombinace proces\u016f jej lze rozd\u011blit na jednoprocesov\u00e9 protahovac\u00ed lisy, kompozitn\u00ed lisovnice a pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 protahovac\u00ed lisy;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 rozd\u011blen na ta\u017en\u00e9 lisovnice s a bez krimpovac\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed podle p\u0159\u00edtomnosti nebo nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti krimpovac\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Zde jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 typick\u00e9 struktury kresl\u00edc\u00edch matric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Prvn\u00ed kresl\u00edc\u00ed kostka<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      Obr\u00e1zek 1-5 ukazuje prvn\u00ed ta\u017enici bez dr\u017e\u00e1ku polotovaru. Polotovar je polohov\u00e1n polohovac\u00ed deskou 5 a ta\u017en\u00edk 2 b\u011b\u017e\u00ed sm\u011brem dol\u016f, dokud ta\u017en\u00edk nevtla\u010d\u00ed plech do ta\u017enice 3, aby vytvo\u0159il obrobek, a ta\u017en\u00edk neskon\u010d\u00ed. Ta\u017en\u00edk 2 b\u011b\u017e\u00ed nahoru a hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed je odtahov\u00e1no vykl\u00e1dac\u00edm krou\u017ekem 4 ve spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti ta\u017enice. Proto\u017ee ta\u017en\u00edk 2 mus\u00ed j\u00edt hluboko pod ta\u017enou matrici 3, je raznice vhodn\u00e1 pouze pro m\u011blk\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed. Aby se zabr\u00e1nilo p\u0159ilepen\u00ed obrobku k razn\u00edku a jeho obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9mu odstran\u011bn\u00ed po ta\u017een\u00ed, je ta\u017en\u00edk 2 opat\u0159en odvzdu\u0161\u0148ovac\u00edmi otvory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"Obr\u00e1zek
      Obr\u00e1zek 1-5 Prvn\u00ed ta\u017enice bez dr\u017e\u00e1ku polotovaru<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

      Tento typ formy m\u00e1 jednoduchou konstrukci a \u010dasto se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed, kdy\u017e m\u00e1 plech dobrou plasticitu a relativn\u011b velkou tlou\u0161\u0165ku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Obr\u00e1zek 1-6 ukazuje prvn\u00ed ta\u017enou matrici se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm pro p\u0159idr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed okraje. P\u0159ed hlubok\u00fdm ta\u017een\u00edm je polotovar polohovac\u00ed deskou 6 polohov\u00e1n. P\u0159i ta\u017een\u00ed se lisovn\u00edk 10 pohybuje sm\u011brem dol\u016f a polotovar je nejprve plo\u0161n\u011b p\u0159itla\u010dov\u00e1n na povrch ta\u017enice 7 lisovac\u00edm krou\u017ekem 5 v d\u016fsledku p\u016fsoben\u00edm stla\u010den\u00e9 pru\u017einy 4 se pr\u016fbojn\u00edk 10 d\u00e1le pohybuje sm\u011brem dol\u016f a pru\u017eina 4 pokra\u010duje ve stla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed. , Dokud nebude obrobek vytvo\u0159en hlubok\u00fdm ta\u017een\u00edm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Na konci ta\u017een\u00ed se razn\u00edk pohybuje nahoru a dr\u017e\u00e1k polotovaru se vrac\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00edm pru\u017einy, aby se\u0161kr\u00e1bal obrobek navinut\u00fd na ta\u017enici. Tento druh prvn\u00ed ta\u017en\u00e9 matrice s pru\u017en\u00fdm vyst\u0159ihovac\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm je nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konstrukc\u00ed prvn\u00ed ta\u017en\u00e9 matrice a p\u0159\u00eddr\u017en\u00e1 s\u00edla polotovaru je vytv\u00e1\u0159ena stla\u010den\u00edm elastick\u00fdch prvk\u016f. Razn\u00edk tohoto druhu struktury formy je relativn\u011b dlouh\u00fd, co\u017e je vhodn\u00e9 pouze pro obrobky s malou hloubkou ta\u017een\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 kv\u016fli omezen\u00e9 prostorov\u00e9 poloze horn\u00ed matrice nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt velkou pru\u017einu nebo gumu, tak\u017ee horn\u00ed lisovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u00e1 malou lisovac\u00ed s\u00edlu a toto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 hlavn\u011b v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy lisovac\u00ed hrana nen\u00ed velk\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"Obr\u00e1zek
      Obr\u00e1zek 1-6 Prvn\u00ed ta\u017enice s horn\u00edm zaslepovac\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm
      1- rukoje\u0165 formy; 2- horn\u00ed sedadlo formy; 3- d\u011brovac\u00ed upev\u0148ovac\u00ed deska; 4- pru\u017eina; 5- pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd krou\u017eek dr\u017e\u00e1ku; 6-polohovac\u00ed deska; 7- sami\u010d\u00ed pl\u00edse\u0148; 8- spodn\u00ed sedadlo formy; 9- vykl\u00e1dac\u00ed \u0161roub; 10-Punch<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

      Ka\u017ed\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed tah\u00e1k<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      Vzhledem k omezen\u00e9mu koeficientu ta\u017een\u00ed prvn\u00edho hlubok\u00e9ho ta\u017een\u00ed nem\u016f\u017ee mnoho d\u00edl\u016f spl\u0148ovat po\u017eadavky na velikost a v\u00fd\u0161ku po prvn\u00edm hlubok\u00e9m ta\u017een\u00ed. Pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 proj\u00edt druh\u00fdm, t\u0159et\u00edm nebo i v\u00edce \u010dasy hlubok\u00e9ho ta\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se souhrnn\u011b ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 \u010dasy ta\u017een\u00ed. hlubok\u00fd. Polotovary pou\u017eit\u00e9 pro ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdkres jsou polotovary v\u00e1lcov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f nebo zkosen\u00e9 d\u00edly, kter\u00e9 byly ta\u017eeny poprv\u00e9, nam\u00edsto ploch\u00fdch polotovar\u016f. Polohovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a vyst\u0159ihovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou proto zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 od prvn\u00edho ta\u017en\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Existuj\u00ed t\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 metody pro um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed ta\u017enic v ka\u017ed\u00e9m procesu v budoucnu: prvn\u00ed je pou\u017eit\u00ed specifick\u00e9 polohovac\u00ed desky; druh\u00fdm je zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dutiny na matrici pro um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed polotovaru, jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku 1-2; T\u0159et\u00edm typem je pou\u017eit\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edho otvoru polotovaru k um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed podle tvaru razn\u00edku nebo tvaru dr\u017e\u00e1ku polotovaru. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro p\u0159idr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed hran, kter\u00e9 se v t\u00e9to dob\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, ji\u017e nen\u00ed ploch\u00e1 struktura, ale v\u00e1lcov\u00e1 nebo ku\u017eelov\u00e1 konstrukce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku 1-7, polotovar je polotovar v\u00e1lcov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti s ur\u010ditou velikost\u00ed po prota\u017een\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00edm procesem. Po um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed na konk\u00e1vn\u00ed formu 13 formy, ta\u017en\u00edk 11 kles\u00e1, aby se dostal do kontaktu s polotovarem pro hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed, dokud nen\u00ed vyta\u017een. Pro obrobek se po dokon\u010den\u00ed ta\u017een\u00ed ta\u017en\u00edk pohybuje nahoru a hlubok\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st je sta\u017eena osazen\u00edm (vyn\u00e1\u0161ec\u00edm hrdlem) ve spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti matrice 13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"Obr\u00e1zek
      Obr\u00e1zek 1-7 Dr\u017e\u00e1k polotovaru je v opa\u010dn\u00e9m sm\u011bru ne\u017e horn\u00ed matrice, aby se matrice znovu vyt\u00e1hla
      1- spodn\u00ed sedadlo formy; 2,7kol\u00edkov\u00fd; 3, 14-\u0161roub; 4- vypou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed \u0161roub; 5- horn\u00ed sedadlo formy; 6-tvarov\u00e1 rukoje\u0165; 8-pru\u017einov\u00fd; 9-ti d\u011brovac\u00ed upev\u0148ovac\u00ed deska; 10 nosn\u00fd sloup ; 11-konvexn\u00ed forma; 12-v\u00fdbojov\u00e1 deska; 13-konk\u00e1vn\u00ed forma<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

      Vysek\u00e1vac\u00ed a hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed slo\u017een\u00e9 matrice<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      Jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku 1-8, jedn\u00e1 se o vysek\u00e1vac\u00ed a hlubokota\u017enou slo\u017eenou matrici. Forma obecn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u00e1sy jako polotovary, tak\u017ee je na form\u011b vy\u017eadov\u00e1n vodic\u00ed mechanismus. Horn\u00ed povrch ta\u017en\u00e9ho lisu 19 by m\u011bl b\u00fdt n\u00ed\u017ee ne\u017e horn\u00ed povrch vysek\u00e1vac\u00ed matrice 4, tak\u017ee kdy\u017e forma pracuje, materi\u00e1l je nejprve vyst\u0159i\u017een a pot\u00e9 ta\u017een. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Sou\u010dasn\u011b je t\u0159eba vyhradit m\u00edru ost\u0159en\u00ed \u0159ezn\u00e9 hrany matrice. P\u0159i ta\u017een\u00ed se lisovac\u00ed vzduchov\u00fd pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k p\u0159idr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed hrany vyhazovac\u00edm \u010depem 2 a dr\u017e\u00e1kem polotovaru 3. Po dokon\u010den\u00ed ta\u017een\u00ed je obrobek j\u00edm vyhozen, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e obrobek z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v konvexn\u00ed a konk\u00e1vn\u00ed form\u011b 17 a nakonec d\u011brovac\u00ed ty\u010d\u00ed 15 je tla\u010dn\u00fd blok 18 vytla\u010den a vypadl\u00fd odpad je vypou\u0161t\u011bn pevnou vyn\u00e1\u0161ec\u00ed deskou 20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"Obr\u00e1zek
      Obr\u00e1zek 1-8 Matrice pro vysek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a hlubok\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed
      1- spodn\u00ed sedadlo formy; 2- vyhazovac\u00ed ty\u010d; 3- pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd krou\u017eek dr\u017e\u00e1ku; 4- raznice; 5, 13, 22-pin; 6\/12\/24-\u0161roub; 7- konvexn\u00ed a konk\u00e1vn\u00ed upev\u0148ovac\u00ed deska matrice; 8-padn\u00fd tal\u00ed\u0159; 9-Horn\u00ed sedadlo formy; 10-vodic\u00ed pouzdro; 11-Vodic\u00ed sloupek; 14-Die rukoje\u0165; 15- D\u011brovac\u00ed ty\u010d; 16- Dorazov\u00fd \u010dep; 17-Konvexn\u00ed a konk\u00e1vn\u00ed forma; 18-Push kusov\u00fd blok; 19-Draw konvexn\u00ed forma; 20-vykl\u00e1dac\u00ed deska; 21-vodic\u00ed deska; 23d\u011brn\u00e1 upev\u0148ovac\u00ed deska<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Design of working part of drawing die Convex and female mold structure design The structure of the drawing punch and<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2754,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[721,722,720],"class_list":["post-2738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-punching-machine","tag-drawing-die-design","tag-drawing-die-structure","tag-punch-drawing-die"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/\u4e3b\u56fe6.21.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2738","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2738"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2738\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2754"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2738"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}