{"id":1910,"date":"2021-03-30T06:10:12","date_gmt":"2021-03-30T06:10:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pj4iaixa9m.wpdns.site\/?p=1910"},"modified":"2021-08-12T07:25:59","modified_gmt":"2021-08-12T07:25:59","slug":"basics-of-stamping-processing-and-concept-law-of-sheet-metal-plasticity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/vi\/basics-of-stamping-processing-and-concept-law-of-sheet-metal-plasticity\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 gia c\u00f4ng d\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"yoast-reading-time__wrapper\"><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__icon\"><\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__descriptive-text\">Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh:  <\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__reading-time\">15<\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__time-unit\"> ph\u00fat<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 1-1, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/16170740931.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-1911\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/16170740931.png 554w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/16170740931-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/16170740931-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/16170740931-150x99.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 1-1 C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gia c\u00f4ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u00ean, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-concept-of-stamping-and-stamping-die\"><strong>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.harsle.com\/J23-Inclinable-Punching-Machine-pd6320164.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">d\u1eadp<\/a> v\u00e0 d\u1eadp ch\u1ebft<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u1eadp d\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gia c\u00f4ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, l\u00e0m cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u00e1ch ra ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. Gia c\u00f4ng d\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft. V\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng n\u00ean n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i. V\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea5m, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea5m. D\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u phi kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong <a href=\"https:\/\/www.harsle.com\/J23-Inclinable-Punching-Machine-pd6320164.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">d\u1eadp<\/a> gia c\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eadp (ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i. Khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gia c\u00f4ng d\u1eadp. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gia c\u00f4ng khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eadp, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh d\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0 trong H\u00ecnh 1-2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">                                                                      <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20210330113207-1024x827.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-1912\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\"\/><figcaption><br>H\u00ecnh 1-2 C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft d\u1eadp<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-features-of-stamping-processing\">C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a gia c\u00f4ng d\u1eadp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gia c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 gia c\u00f4ng), d\u1eadp c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gia c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecf \u00f4 t\u00f4, c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda, v.v.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1edfi khu\u00f4n, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u201cb\u1ea3n s\u1eafc\u201d.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.harsle.com\/J23-Inclinable-Punching-Machine-pd6320164.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">D\u1eadp <\/a>gia c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gia c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u1eaft. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gia c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cao.<\/li><li>Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i.<\/li><li>N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/li><li>Khu\u00f4n c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p.<\/li><li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp d\u1ec5 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec v\u1eady an to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-application-of-stamping-processing\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a gia c\u00f4ng d\u1eadp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do gia c\u00f4ng d\u1eadp c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00ean \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a gia c\u00f4ng d\u1eadp r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. N\u00f3 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4, m\u00e1y k\u00e9o, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac, r\u00e8n, c\u1eaft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eadp c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u1eeb 60% \u0111\u1ebfn 70% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1eadp. Kho\u1ea3ng 60% ~ 70% c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp, v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1eadp l\u00e0 25% ~ 30% c\u1ee7a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh \u00f4 t\u00f4. Trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eadp c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 n\u1ed3i nh\u00f4m, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n inox,\u2026 chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eadp. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1eadp c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1eadp c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-basic-process-of-stamping\">Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eadp kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau. Theo \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch. L\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea5m theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u1ebft d\u1eadp (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft ph\u00f4i) c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7, l\u00e0m tr\u1ed1ng, c\u1eaft t\u1ec9a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c.<\/li><li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eadp c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m u\u1ed1n, k\u00e9o s\u00e2u, \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1edd, ph\u1ed3ng, b\u1ec7n, v.v.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1617081903.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-1914\" width=\"800\" height=\"914\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/16170823641.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-1915\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/16170823641.png 595w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/16170823641-267x300.png 267w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/16170823641-11x12.png 11w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/16170823641-150x168.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><figcaption><br>C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong B\u1ea3ng 1-1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea7n v\u00e0 du\u1ed7i, c\u1eaft v\u00e0 u\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ed9t d\u1eadp v\u00e0 g\u1ea5p m\u00e9p, v.v., \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-plastic-deformation-of-sheet-metal-and-its-basic-laws\"><strong>Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.harsle.com\/J23-Inclinable-Punching-Machine-pd6320164.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">d\u1eadp<\/a> qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft d\u1eadp th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i. V\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo, trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc gia c\u00f4ng d\u1ebbo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo kim lo\u1ea1i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00ednh d\u1ebbo l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gia c\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i \u03b4 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u03c8. T\u00ednh d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eadt b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c. Sau khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c, v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u01b0. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. Khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f9n ngu\u1ed9i, n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo t\u1ed1t d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n ba chi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f9n ngu\u1ed9i c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c, l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau trong v\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c. N\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft. \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng \u03c3 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng \u03c4. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 MPa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>S\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c th\u00ec v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1eaft. Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng \u03b5, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng \u03b3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0 trong H\u00ecnh 1-3 (a). N\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh 9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u1ecdc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9, bao g\u1ed3m 3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 6 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong H\u00ecnh 1-3 (b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ch\u00ednh<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e0o, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, sao cho ch\u1ec9 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong H\u00ecnh 1-3 (c). Ba \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng \u03c31, \u03c32, v\u00e0 \u03c33 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Khi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u03c31&gt; 0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o, khi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u03c31 &lt;0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132073-1024x377.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-1916\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132073-1024x377.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132073-150x55.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132073-1200x442.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132073-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132073-768x283.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132073.jpg 1408w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><br>H\u00ecnh 1-3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t; s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132074-1-1024x307.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-1918\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132074-1-1024x307.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132074-1-300x90.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132074-1-768x230.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132074-1-1536x460.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132074-1-18x5.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132074-1-1200x360.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132074-1-150x45.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132074-1.jpg 1575w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><br>H\u00ecnh 1-4 Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t trong ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i k\u00e8m theo bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 sao cho ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh \u03b51, \u03b52, \u03b53 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1eaft n\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, nh\u01b0 trong H\u00ecnh 1-4 (a). Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u01b0 trong H\u00ecnh 14 (b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi n\u00e9n m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n \u0111\u01a1n tr\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n ba h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo l\u1edbn h\u01a1n h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd khi n\u00e9n hai h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t -\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. \u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n l\u1edbn, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo t\u1ed1t; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n \u00edt th\u00ec \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n nh\u1ecf, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o th\u00ec t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo k\u00e9m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 l\u1ed9 ra v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng k\u00e9o, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 l\u1ed9 ra v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng n\u00e9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-stress-strain-curve\">\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00ecnh 1-5 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t-bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o. Qua h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo khi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u03c30. L\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn khi kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee1. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea1o ra b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng (nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong cGb). N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee1 t\u1ea3i \u1edf gi\u1eefa bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng (G trong h\u00ecnh), \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng GH \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (HJ) v\u00e0 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (OH). N\u1ebfu m\u1eabu th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb H v\u00e0 t\u0103ng d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng HG \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111i\u1ec3m G kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd v\u1eabn thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong Gb. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m G l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea3y khi m\u1eabu th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ee1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea3y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong Gb do s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111ang d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng th\u00eam c\u1ee7a len. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd s\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng do v\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e2y ra. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132075-1024x874.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-1919\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132075-1024x874.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132075-300x256.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132075-768x656.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132075-1536x1312.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132075-14x12.jpg 14w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132075-1200x1025.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132075-150x128.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132075.jpg 1896w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><br>H\u00ecnh 1-5 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t-bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t-bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong c\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t-bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 \u03c3 = \u03c3<sub>0<\/sub>+ F\u03b5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a \u03c30 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m giao nhau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F-H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00f4\u0111un t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng, cho bi\u1ebft k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-law-of-in-variance-of-plastic-deformation-volume\">\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 t\u00edch bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng trong s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u00ec th\u1ec3 t\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch sau khi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 t\u00edch bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo kim lo\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng sau n\u00e0y. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03b5<sub>1<\/sub>+ \u03b5<sub>2<\/sub>+ \u03b5<sub>3<\/sub>=0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-law-of-least-resistance-to-plastic-deformation\">\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u00e9p kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea3y. Khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00edt l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng trong khu\u00f4n, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 \u00edt l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-plastic-conditions\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ef1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ebbo l\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u n\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ebbo t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 sinh ra hay kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. \u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1ec3 v\u1eadt t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ebbo. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ebbo, hay ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ebbo ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ebbo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t H. Tresca v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t Von Mises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t Kureisgar<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u0103m 1864, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p H. Tresca tin r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea3y khi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t Tresca. Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132076-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-1921\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132076-1.jpg 862w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132076-1-300x132.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132076-1-768x337.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132076-1-18x8.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132076-1-150x66.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 862px) 100vw, 862px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, \u03c3s \u2014 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Von Mises<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u0103m 1913, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Von mises \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ba \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sinh ra, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Missis N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau \u0111\u00f3, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u03c3<sub>1<\/sub>-\u03c3<sub>2<\/sub>)<sup>2<\/sup>+ (\u03c3<sub>2<\/sub>-\u03c3<sub>3<\/sub>)<sup>2<\/sup>+ (\u03c3<sub>3<\/sub>-\u03c3<sub>1<\/sub>)<sup>2<\/sup>= 2\u03c3<sup>2<\/sup><sub>NS<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-relationship-between-stress-and-strain\">M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Hooke t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. N\u00f3i. Sau khi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c n\u00e9n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong c\u1ee9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng trong v\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gia t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng theo m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh), t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo, c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 sau gi\u1eefa \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132077-1024x525.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-1922\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132077-1024x525.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132077-150x77.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132077-300x154.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132077-768x394.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132077-600x308.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_202103301132077.jpg 1030w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, C - h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03c3<sub>NS<\/sub>\u2014C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng trung b\u00ecnh. Trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, C ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt, v\u00ec v\u1eady gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb C c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o \u0111\u01a1n tr\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-work-hardening-phenomenon\">Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo, trong khi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo s\u1ebd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu tr\u1eafng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng. Ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 n\u1ebfp nh\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-reload-softening-phenomenon\">T\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i sau khi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo ngu\u1ed9i, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra h\u01a1n khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m do t\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m t\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 u\u1ed1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vui l\u00f2ng b\u1ea5m v\u00e0o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/vi\/\">https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/<\/a>\u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ea5m!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 trong H\u00ecnh 1-1, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1931,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[605,603,604],"class_list":["post-1910","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-punching-machine","tag-sheet-plasticity","tag-stamping-processing","tag-stamping-sheet"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20210331114618.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1910","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1910"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1910\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1910"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1910"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.harslepress.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1910"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}